Danir höfnuðu Maastricht-sáttmálanum í þjóðaratkvæðagreiðslu 1992 (50,7% á móti) en samþykktu hann 1993 eftir fjórar undanþágur frá Edinborg-samningnum — frá evrunni, varnarmálum, dómsmálum og ESB-ríkisborgararétti. Árið 2022 afnámu Danir varnarundanþáguna (66,9% fylgjandi) vegna innrásar Rússa í Úkraínu.
Enska frumtextinn
Denmark initially rejected the Maastricht Treaty by referendum in June 1992 (50.7% No), then approved it in May 1993 (56.7% Yes) after securing four opt-outs under the Edinburgh Agreement: from the euro, defence, justice and home affairs, and EU citizenship. Denmark held a further referendum in September 2000 on joining the euro, which was rejected (53.2% No). In June 2022, Denmark voted to abolish its defence opt-out (66.9% Yes), motivated by Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Denmark remains outside the euro. As a Nordic EU member with opt-outs, Denmark is often cited as a model for how Iceland might manage EU membership while retaining policy flexibility.
Heimild
Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Edinburgh Agreement 1992; European Council conclusions
Danska utanríkisráðuneytið og viðeigandi ráðherraráðsfundargerðir varðveita gögn um undanþágur Danmerkur og þjóðaratkvæðagreiðslur um Evrópumál.
Skoða heimild ↗Fyrirvarar
Denmark's opt-outs were negotiated in 1992 under exceptional circumstances (treaty ratification crisis). The EU has been reluctant to grant new opt-outs to accession states since the 2004 enlargement. Denmark's experience shows opt-outs can be durable but also that geopolitical shifts (as with the 2022 defence opt-out removal) can change the calculus over time.
Notuð í greiningum (2)
ESB-pakkinn er galopinn Vísir
- Villandi Styður Ekki sé lengur hægt að fá undanþágur frá skilmálum ESB-aðildar.
Spursmál #115 — Er Ísland á leið inn í Evrópusambandið? Spursmál (mbl.is)
- Að hluta staðfest Styður Danir eru með eigin gjaldmiðil (dönsku krónuna) og eru þannig ekki með evruna þrátt fyrir ESB-aðild.