Ókeypis úthlutun losunarheimilda til flugrekenda í ETS-kerfinu er í niðurfellingu samkvæmt Fit for 55-umbótunum: 25% skerðing árið 2024, 50% árið 2025 og full niðurfelling frá 2026 fyrir ESB/EES-flugrekendur almennt. Á verði 50–80 EUR á tonn eru ókeypis heimildir umtalsverð óbein fjárhagsleg fyrirgreiðsla fyrir flugfélög.
Enska frumtextinn
Free allocation of EU ETS allowances to aircraft operators is being phased out under the Fit for 55 reforms adopted in 2023. Under the revised Directive 2003/87/EC, free allocation to aviation is reduced by 25% in 2024, by 50% in 2025, and eliminated entirely from 2026 onwards for EU/EEA operators generally. Correspondingly, the auctioning share increases. From 2024, the aviation cap is also reduced annually by applying a linear reduction factor increased from 2.2% to 4.3% for 2024-2027 (and 4.4% from 2028). The description of free allowances as 'subsidising' airline emissions, while not technically precise (allowances are not a direct subsidy but a regulatory allocation), reflects the economic reality that airlines receiving free allowances avoid purchasing them at market price, reducing their cost of compliance. At ETS carbon prices of EUR 50-80 per tonne (typical 2023-2025 range), free allocation represents a substantial implicit benefit. The phase-out of free allocation is intended to ensure that the aviation sector bears its full carbon cost, in line with the polluter-pays principle.
Heimild
European Commission — Allocation to the aviation sector; Directive (EU) 2023/958
Framkvæmdastjórn Evrópusambandsins er framkvæmdavald ESB sem leggur fram lagafrumvörp, framfylgir sáttmálum og hefur umsjón með samkeppnis- og loftslagsstefnu sambandsins.
Skoða heimild ↗Fyrirvarar
The phase-out schedule applies to the general EU/EEA framework. Iceland negotiated a specific exemption (see ETS-DATA-002). The characterisation of free allowances as a 'subsidy' is debated — the European Commission considers free allocation a transitional measure to address carbon leakage risk, not a subsidy in the state-aid sense. Airlines argue that free allocation compensates for competitive distortion with non-ETS carriers on international routes.
Notuð í greiningum (1)
„Við hefðum náð meiri árangri með því að vera innan Evrópusambandsins“ Vísir
- Að hluta staðfest Styður Undanþágan felur í sér leyfi til að niðurgreiða losun flugfélaga með því að gefa þeim losunarheimildir.
- Villandi Styður Til stendur að framlengja undanþágu Íslands frá ETS-kerfinu út árið 2027.