Norðurlöndin hafa mismunandi reglur um biðtíma ráðherra eftir embættisslit. Noregur hefur ströngust ákvæði með allt að sex mánaða biðtíma og tólf mánaða málefnatakmarkanir, á meðan Ísland hefur engin lögbundin ákvæði — eingöngu ráðgefandi siðareglur.
Enska frumtextinn
The Nordic countries vary considerably in their approach to post-employment restrictions for government officials, but several have stricter frameworks than Iceland. Denmark: The karantænelov (Act on Certain Restrictions on Ministers' and State Secretaries' Transition to the Private Sector, adopted 2019) imposes a mandatory 6-month general cooling-off period for ministers and state secretaries after leaving office, plus additional restrictions of up to 12 months if their new position relates to their former portfolio. An independent advisory board (Karantæneudvalget) assesses each case. Finland: The valtion virkamieslaki (State Civil Servants' Act, 750/1994, amended 2017) allows ministries to include up to 12-month cooling-off clauses in senior officials' employment contracts. The practice is not universal but has become increasingly common for permanent secretaries (kansliapäälliköt) and directors-general. A 2020 government resolution recommends such clauses for all senior positions. Sweden: Sweden does not have a general cooling-off law for ministers, but the Nämnden för prövning av statsråds och statssekreterares övergångsrestriktioner (Board for Review of Transition Restrictions for Ministers and State Secretaries), established in 2018, can impose transition restrictions of up to 12 months when ministers or state secretaries move to the private sector. Norway (non-EU but relevant as an EEA comparator): The karanteneloven (Quarantine Act, 2015) is the strictest in the Nordic region, imposing up to 6 months of quarantine (karantene) plus up to 12 months of restricted activity (saksforbud) for ministers, state secretaries, and political advisors. An independent committee (Karantenenemnda) assesses each transition. By comparison, Iceland has no mandatory cooling-off period, no independent review body, and only non-binding guidance in the ministers' ethics code.
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Danish Karantænelov (2019); Finnish Valtion virkamieslaki 750/1994; Swedish SOU 2017:3; Norwegian Karanteneloven (2015); OECD Post-Public Employment report (2022)
OECD (Efnahags- og framfarastofnunin) er alþjóðleg stofnun sem gefur út samanburðarrannsóknir á opinberri stjórnun, efnahagsstefnu og siðferðilegum viðmiðum ríkja.
Skoða heimild ↗Fyrirvarar
The effectiveness of Nordic cooling-off regimes varies. Norway's system is considered the most robust due to mandatory application and an active independent committee. Denmark's 2019 law is relatively new and has had limited case law. Finland's approach is contractual rather than statutory, meaning coverage depends on individual employment agreements. Sweden's board can only recommend restrictions, though recommendations have been followed in practice. Direct comparison with Iceland is complicated by Iceland's much smaller government apparatus — the potential revolving-door pool is smaller, but so are the degrees of separation between government and the private sector, which arguably makes the risk higher per capita.
Notuð í greiningum (1)
Flott embætti í boði fyrir ESB ríki Vísir
- Staðfest Styður Þingmenn Sjálfstæðisflokksins hafi lagt fram frumvarp um reglur um starfsval eftir ákveðin opinber embætti, þar sem lagt sé til 18 mánaða biðtími áður en embættismenn sem tóku þátt í aðildarviðræðum geti tekið við stöðum hjá gagnaðilanum.