Á Kaupmannahafnarfundinum 1993 samþykktu ESB-aðildarríkin «Kaupmannahafnarviðmið» — þrjár grunnforsendur sem umsóknarríki verða að uppfylla: stöðugar lýðræðislegar stofnanir sem tryggja réttarríkið og mannréttindi; starfhæft markaðshagkerfi; og getu til að taka á sig og framfylgja ESB-skuldbindingum þar á meðal þjóðmálalegum og efnahagslegum markmiðum. Samkvæmt Margrét Einarsdóttur sýna þessi viðmið að viðræður með Austur-Evrópuríkjum voru aðlögunarviðræður, á meðan Ísland uppfyllir þegar mörg þessara skilyrða.
Enska frumtextinn
At the Copenhagen European Council summit in 1993, EU member states adopted the 'Copenhagen criteria' — three foundational conditions any candidate country must meet to join the EU: (1) stable institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, human rights, and protection of minorities; (2) a functioning market economy with the capacity to cope with competition and market forces within the EU; and (3) the ability to take on and effectively implement EU membership obligations, including adherence to the aims of political, economic, and monetary union. The criteria were adopted against the backdrop of the anticipated post-communist Eastern European enlargement, when many former Soviet-bloc states sought EU membership and the Union had 15 members.
Heimild
Evropuvefur - Margret Einarsdottir, "Copenhagen criteria and Iceland's accession context" (professor, Reykjavik University Law Faculty, 2026)
Evrópuvefurinn er íslenskur fræðsluvettvangur þar sem sérfræðingar svara spurningum almennings um ESB og EES; svör eru skrifuð af þar til bærum fræðimönnum og sérfræðingum.
Skoða heimild ↗Fyrirvarar
The three criteria are stated here in summary form as presented by the expert. Primary source: Conclusions of the Copenhagen European Council, June 1993. The author uses these criteria to contextualise why post-communist countries had to undergo extensive legal adaptation ('accession negotiations as adaptation negotiations') while Iceland, already an EEA and Schengen member, does not. The statement does not assert the criteria were created solely for the post-communist enlargement — only that they were adopted in that context.