Á árunum 2010–2018 gerðu Troikan — Framkvæmdastjórn ESB, Seðlabanki Evrópu og Alþjóðagjaldeyrissjóðurinn — kröfu um umfangsmiklar vinnumarkaðsumbætur sem skilyrði fyrir þremur björgunarpökkum til Grikklands, þ.m.t. 22% skurð á lögbundnum lágmarkslaunum, niðurfellingu á framlengingarmöguleika greinar kjarasamninga og forgangsröðun fyrirtækjasamninga yfir geirasamninga. Þekking samkvæmt kjarasamningum féll úr um 85% árið 2009 í um 25–40% árið 2015, en hluti umbótanna var tekinn til baka á árunum 2016–2018.
Enska frumtextinn
During the Greek sovereign-debt crisis (2010–2018), the Troika (European Commission, European Central Bank, International Monetary Fund) required Greece to undertake radical labour-market reforms as conditions of three successive bailout programmes (Memoranda of Understanding signed 2010, 2012, 2015). Key changes imposed under the first two Memoranda: (1) the national general collective agreement was overridden in 2012, with statutory minimum wages cut by 22% (and 32% for workers under 25); (2) automatic extension of sectoral collective agreements ('extension principle') was suspended; (3) the after-life of expired collective agreements was reduced from 6 to 3 months; (4) firm-level agreements were given priority over sectoral agreements; (5) the right of unions to negotiate firm-level agreements was extended to 'associations of persons' representing as few as 60% of employees. The cumulative effect: collective-bargaining coverage in Greece fell from approximately 85% in 2009 to roughly 25–40% by 2015 (estimates vary). The reforms were imposed as conditionality, not as standard EU policy, and were partially reversed in 2016–2018 (national general collective agreement re-signed 2016; some extension provisions restored). The European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC) and the ILO criticised aspects of the reforms as inconsistent with international labour standards.
Heimild
Eurofound — Troika approves new set of changes in jobs and pay; ETUC — The Functioning of the Troika
Eurofound er stofnun ESB sem rannsakar og gefur út greiningarskýrslur um lífsgæði, vinnuskilyrði og vinnumarkað í Evrópu.
Skoða heimild ↗Fyrirvarar
The Greek experience is a key reference point in arguments that EU institutions can impose labour-market reforms in crisis conditions. Important context: (1) these were bailout conditions, not standard EU policy applied to all members; (2) Iceland would not be subject to a Troika programme through ordinary EU accession — only if it sought a bailout having joined the euro and lost monetary independence; (3) Iceland's own 2008–2010 IMF programme was not a Troika programme and did not entail comparable collective-bargaining changes; (4) Greece's reforms have been partially reversed since 2016; (5) Cyprus, Portugal, and Ireland faced milder labour-market conditionality than Greece. Critics and supporters disagree whether the reforms are a feature or a bug of EU crisis governance.
Notuð í greiningum (2)
Í Evrópusambandinu eru réttindi verkafólks á forsendum markaðarins Vísir
- Að hluta staðfest Styður Fjórfrelsi Evrópusambandsins hefur leitt til þess að réttindi verkafólks hafa molnað.
- Að hluta staðfest Styður Með ESB-aðild myndi stéttarbarátta láglaunafólks á Íslandi veikjast verulega eða leggjast af.
„Munum aldrei“ geta tekið upp evru nema koma vinnumarkaðinum fyrst í lag Vísir
- Að hluta staðfest Andmælir Seðlabankastjóri segir að Evrópusambandið taki ekki ábyrgð á efnahagsmálum aðildarlanda.
- Að hluta staðfest Styður Seðlabankastjóri segir að ef evran yrði gjaldmiðill og Íslendingar héldu áfram að hækka laun umfram það sem tíðkast hjá öðrum þjóðum, myndi það leiða til mjög alvarlegra efnahagserfiðleika og sársaukafullrar aðlögunar.